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Jay Warner calls for research to be done to identify expressions of
leadership. Such research has been done by Dr. Miriam Kragness. What
emerged from her studies is that there is not one expression of
leadership but twelve. People will follow for different reasons in
different situations. This helps explain why if you read the literature
on leadership you are likely to come away confused about what leadership
is. Each author is expressing his/her own bias about leadership. No one
author's perspective is better than another's. Each is actually
describing a different expression of leadership.

This has implications for consultants as well. Each consultant has
his/her own bias about leadership. It is important for the consultant to
be aware of his/her own bias so as to avoid imposing that bias on the
client. The client needs to be able to identify the consultant's bias so
as to be able to decide if the consultant's perspective is the one that
is applicable to the present situation. Of course, what is more
effective is for consultant and client to be aware of the various
expressions of leadership and when each is appropriately applied.

Dr. Kragness authored the "Dimensions of Leadership Profile", published
by Carlson Learning Company, so as to make her research applicable. I
wrote a short article for "Management Forum" published by the
International Management Council summarizing the model developed by Dr.
Kragness. I can fax a copy to anyone who may be interested. I can also
forward information about the Dimensions of Leadership Profile.

Mitchell Alegre
mralegre@webtv.net

At 05:06 AM 4/27/99 -0400, you wrote:
>Jay Warner calls for research to be done to identify expressions of
>leadership. Such research has been done by Dr. Miriam Kragness. What
>emerged from her studies is that there is not one expression of
>leadership but twelve. People will follow for different reasons in
>different situations. This helps explain why if you read the literature
>on leadership you are likely to come away confused about what leadership
>is. Each author is expressing his/her own bias about leadership. No one
>author's perspective is better than another's. Each is actually
>describing a different expression of leadership.
>
>This has implications for consultants as well. Each consultant has
>his/her own bias about leadership. It is important for the consultant to
>be aware of his/her own bias so as to avoid imposing that bias on the
>client. The client needs to be able to identify the consultant's bias so
>as to be able to decide if the consultant's perspective is the one that
>is applicable to the present situation. Of course, what is more
>effective is for consultant and client to be aware of the various
>expressions of leadership and when each is appropriately applied.
>
>Dr. Kragness authored the "Dimensions of Leadership Profile", published
>by Carlson Learning Company, so as to make her research applicable. I
>wrote a short article for "Management Forum" published by the
>International Management Council summarizing the model developed by Dr.
>Kragness. I can fax a copy to anyone who may be interested. I can also
>forward information about the Dimensions of Leadership Profile.
>

I would like to have a copy of it.


Thanks

Stella


>Mitchell Alegre
>mralegre@webtv.net
>
>

One of the more comprehensive discussions of the different views regarding
leadership vs. management I have found is by Gardner and Schermerhorn
(1992). They describe the various positions that have been taken in the
literature and advocate leadership and management as seperate but
complimentary processes. Mangement focuses on stability and goal
achievement while leadership produces constructive or adaptive change. The
organization needs both, they maintain.

Gardner, W. L. and Schermerhorn, J. R. (1992). Strategic operational
leadership and the management of supportive work environments. In R. L.
Phillips and J. G. Hunt (Eds.), _Strategic leadership: A
multiorganizational-level perpective_. Quorum Books: Westport, CT, pp.
99-119.

As an aside, Kim Boal, who frequently contributes to this list, has a nice
piece in this book that, among other things, examines the potential
relationships between behavioral complexity and cognitive complexity in
leaders.

Boal, K. B and Whitehead, C. J. (1992). A critique and extension of the
Stratified Systems Theory perspective. In R. L. Phillips and J. G. Hunt
(Eds.), _Strategic leadership: A multiorganizational-level perpective_.
Quorum Books: Westport, CT, pp. 237-255.

George E. Dodge
Institute for Leadership Research

Mitchel,

Please fax me the article by Dr. Kragness.

My number is (407) 823-3942.

Thank you so very much for considering this request.

Ed
Drive On!

>>> Mitchell Alegre <mralegre@WEBTV.NET> 04/27 5:06 AM >>>
Jay Warner calls for research to be done to identify expressions of
leadership. Such research has been done by Dr. Miriam Kragness. What
emerged from her studies is that there is not one expression of
leadership but twelve. People will follow for different reasons in
different situations. This helps explain why if you read the
literature
on leadership you are likely to come away confused about what
leadership
is. Each author is expressing his/her own bias about leadership. No
one
author's perspective is better than another's. Each is actually
describing a different expression of leadership.

This has implications for consultants as well. Each consultant has
his/her own bias about leadership. It is important for the consultant
to
be aware of his/her own bias so as to avoid imposing that bias on the
client. The client needs to be able to identify the consultant's bias
so
as to be able to decide if the consultant's perspective is the one
that
is applicable to the present situation. Of course, what is more
effective is for consultant and client to be aware of the various
expressions of leadership and when each is appropriately applied.

Dr. Kragness authored the "Dimensions of Leadership Profile",
published
by Carlson Learning Company, so as to make her research applicable. I
wrote a short article for "Management Forum" published by the
International Management Council summarizing the model developed by
Dr.
Kragness. I can fax a copy to anyone who may be interested. I can also
forward information about the Dimensions of Leadership Profile.

Mitchell Alegre
mralegre@webtv.net