Ray,
I don't have any handouts on the subject but I discuss it in terms of
Edwards Deming's notion of problems being generated by the system vs.
special causes. In "Out of the Crisis" (1982, Cambridge:Massachusetts
Institute of Technology), he wrote: "In my experience, most troubles and
most possibilities for improvement add up to proportions something like
this: 94% belong to the system (the responsiblity of management and 6%
are attributed to special causes." (He also caused the system "common
causes.") By the time he died, he was saying that at least 98% were
system problems. I generally use lightning spiking the electrical
current to a machine as a special cause, because it has strong face
validity. In talking about "human error" that is grounded in common
causes, I describe the Red Bead Game.
Ruth
Ray Guydosh wrote:
> I'm looking for some articles, references, whatever, that discuss the
> consequences of creating polices that apply generally in an attempt to
> solve problems created by one or two individuals. (I know I've seen
> some, but memory fails me.) Thanks for any assistance.
--
Ruth H. Axelrod
(H/O) 301-593-4938