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Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

  • 1.  Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

    Posted 02-08-2008 13:31
    Can anyone please help in clarifying what is the proper interpretation of the citation (cf. X & Y, 2006).

    I was offered the following diametrically opposite meanings by two authoritative sources (journal editors, no less!):

    1. It implies as stated in the 2006 study by X & Y (i.e.  utilizing "cf." is similar to stating "cited from").

    2. It implies as opposed to the 2006 findings by X & Y (i.e. utilizing "cf." is similar to stating"contradictory finding").

    The MLS & APA handbooks did not clarify (at least I was unable to find a clear explanation). And apparently the usage of the cf. citation 'signal' is equally 'murky' in legal studies (Robbins, 1999).

    Is there any resource (online or otherwise) where I can get the definitive explanation and instructions on the proper usage of cf. for citation purposes in social sciences?

    Thanking you in anticipation...

    Sujit Sur
    Doctoral Candidate
    Dept. of Management
    John Molson School of Business
    Concordia University
    1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W.
    Montreal, Quebec  H3G 1M8
    Canada

    Reference
    Robbins, I.P., 1999. Semiotics, Analogical Legal Reasoning, and the Cf. Citation: Getting Our Signals Uncrossed. Duke Law Journal, Vol. 48 (5), p. 1043-1080.


  • 2.  Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

    Posted 02-09-2008 16:45

    My understanding is that it means "compare with". So it can mean 'similar to' x&y's findings or 'asks the reader to relate current statement/finding in current paper to to x&y's finding/assertion. So in this case it could sometimes mean contradictory findings bec. it means 'compare with' and x&y could be reporting contradictory findings..

    I don't' recall where I obtained that understanding of cf.

    Good luck, and keep me posted.

    phani

     

    Phani Radhakrishnan, PhD

    Lecturer in Organizational Behavior

    Management Department

    <u1:placetype u2:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></u1:placetype> of <u1:placename u2:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Toronto</st1:placename></u1:placename> at <u1:place u2:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Scarborough</st1:place></u1:place>

    1265 Military Trail

    <u1:place u2:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Scarborough</st1:place></u1:place>, ON M1C1A4

    416 287 7319 (voice)

    phanira@utsc.utoronto.ca

    www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~phanira

     

    From: Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of SUJIT SUR
    Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 1:31 PM
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

     

    Can anyone please help in clarifying what is the proper interpretation of the citation (cf. X & Y, 2006).

    I was offered the following diametrically opposite meanings by two authoritative sources (journal editors, no less!):

    1. It implies as stated in the 2006 study by X & Y (i.e.  utilizing "cf." is similar to stating "cited from").

    2. It implies as opposed to the 2006 findings by X & Y (i.e. utilizing "cf." is similar to stating"contradictory finding").

    The MLS & APA handbooks did not clarify (at least I was unable to find a clear explanation). And apparently the usage of the cf. citation 'signal' is equally 'murky' in legal studies (Robbins, 1999).

    Is there any resource (online or otherwise) where I can get the definitive explanation and instructions on the proper usage of cf. for citation purposes in social sciences?

    Thanking you in anticipation...

    Sujit Sur
    Doctoral Candidate
    Dept. of Management
    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">John</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Molson</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">School</st1:placetype></st1:place> of Business
    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Concordia</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place>
    1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W.
    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Montreal</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Quebec</st1:state>  <st1:postalcode w:st="on">H3G 1M8</st1:postalcode></st1:place>
    <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>

    Reference

    Robbins, I.P., 1999. Semiotics, Analogical Legal Reasoning, and the Cf. Citation: Getting Our Signals Uncrossed. Duke Law Journal, Vol. 48 (5), p. 1043-1080.



  • 3.  Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

    Posted 02-09-2008 17:34

    "cf." has always meant to me, "compare with"... I think it's an old stenographer's notation.   So, "cf. X&Y, 2006" would mean to me, "compare with the article written by X & Y in 2006".   My guess is that usage over time of these symbols (cf.) migrates as does most language. 

    I hope this helps and doesn't confuse.

    Regards,

       Jim

    James G. S. Clawson

    Johnson & Higgins Professor of Business Administration

    Darden GSB, University of Virginia

    Box 6550, Charlottesville, VA 22906  

    100 Darden Boulevard, Charlottesville, VA 22903  USA

    Tel:  434 924 7488           Fax:  434 243 7680

    Web:  http://faculty.darden.virginia.edu/clawsonj

     

    From: Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of SUJIT SUR
    Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 1:31 PM
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

     

    Can anyone please help in clarifying what is the proper interpretation of the citation (cf. X & Y, 2006).

    I was offered the following diametrically opposite meanings by two authoritative sources (journal editors, no less!):

    1. It implies as stated in the 2006 study by X & Y (i.e.  utilizing "cf." is similar to stating "cited from").

    2. It implies as opposed to the 2006 findings by X & Y (i.e. utilizing "cf." is similar to stating"contradictory finding").

    The MLS & APA handbooks did not clarify (at least I was unable to find a clear explanation). And apparently the usage of the cf. citation 'signal' is equally 'murky' in legal studies (Robbins, 1999).

    Is there any resource (online or otherwise) where I can get the definitive explanation and instructions on the proper usage of cf. for citation purposes in social sciences?

    Thanking you in anticipation...

    Sujit Sur
    Doctoral Candidate
    Dept. of Management
    John Molson School of Business
    Concordia University
    1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W.
    Montreal, Quebec  H3G 1M8
    Canada

    Reference

    Robbins, I.P., 1999. Semiotics, Analogical Legal Reasoning, and the Cf. Citation: Getting Our Signals Uncrossed. Duke Law Journal, Vol. 48 (5), p. 1043-1080.



  • 4.  Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

    Posted 02-09-2008 19:15

    The Oxford English Dictionary states that "cf." = confer, "compare" 

    How I would interpret this is: The thing to be compared with the original is not the same as it, meaning that the comparison will throw some different light on the original.

    I hope this helps. 

     

    Sharon Livesey
    email: livesey@fordham.edu


    "Clawson, Jim" <ClawsonJ@DARDEN.VIRGINIA.EDU>
    Sent by: Management Education and Development Discussion <MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu>

    02/09/2008 05:33 PM

    Please respond to Management Education and Development Discussion <mg-ed-dv@aomlists.pace.edu></mg-ed-dv@aomlists.pace.edu>

    To  
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    Re: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)


    "cf." has always meant to me, "compare with"... I think it's an old stenographer's notation.   So, "cf. X&Y, 2006" would mean to me, "compare with the article written by X & Y in 2006".   My guess is that usage over time of these symbols (cf.) migrates as does most language. 

    I hope this helps and doesn't confuse.

    Regards,

       Jim

    James G. S. Clawson

    Johnson & Higgins Professor of Business Administration

    Darden GSB, University of Virginia

    Box 6550, Charlottesville, VA 22906  

    100 Darden Boulevard, Charlottesville, VA 22903  USA

    Tel:  434 924 7488           Fax:  434 243 7680

    Web:  http://faculty.darden.virginia.edu/clawsonj

     

    From:Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of SUJIT SUR
    Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 1:31 PM
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

     

    Can anyone please help in clarifying what is the proper interpretation of the citation (cf. X & Y, 2006).

    I was offered the following diametrically opposite meanings by two authoritative sources (journal editors, no less!):

    1. It implies as stated in the 2006 study by X & Y (i.e.  utilizing "cf." is similar to stating "cited from").

    2. It implies as opposed to the 2006 findings by X & Y (i.e. utilizing "cf." is similar to stating"contradictory finding").

    The MLS & APA handbooks did not clarify (at least I was unable to find a clear explanation). And apparently the usage of the cf. citation 'signal' is equally 'murky' in legal studies (Robbins, 1999).

    Is there any resource (online or otherwise) where I can get the definitive explanation and instructions on the proper usage of cf. for citation purposes in social sciences?

    Thanking you in anticipation...

    Sujit Sur
    Doctoral Candidate
    Dept. of Management
    John Molson School of Business
    Concordia University
    1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W.
    Montreal, Quebec  H3G 1M8
    Canada

    Reference

    Robbins, I.P., 1999. Semiotics, Analogical Legal Reasoning, and the Cf. Citation: Getting Our Signals Uncrossed. Duke Law Journal, Vol. 48 (5), p. 1043-1080.


  • 5.  Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

    Posted 02-09-2008 19:24
    My understanding is the same as Jim Clawson's -- "cf." means "compare" or "consult."  It is roughly comparable to "take a look at."  See also http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cf or http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cf.  It does not mean "cited from" or "contradictory finding."
     
    For example, in a recent article*, my co-authors and I used "cf." as follows:
     

    "This research study is part of a larger investigation focusing on one type of high-tech entrepreneur – the computer software entrepreneur. Findings from other aspects of the study have been reported elsewhere (cf. McGrath et al., 2003)..."

     

    "From a decision-making standpoint, the size of the advice network represents an evoked set of alternatives (cf. Driver and Pate, 2002)..."

     

    "However, considerable previous research has shown that groups have many structures, these structures can and do change, the processes of change in structures can be modeled accurately, and that structures interact with processes and are interdependent (cf. Mackenzie, 1976, 1978)..."

     
     
    Hope this helps.
     
    Larry
     
     
    *McGrath, C. A., Pate, L. E., Gray, E. R., and Vance, C. M. (2006), "Getting wired for innovation: An analysis of the advice networks of software entrepreneurs", International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 14 No. 4, pp. 317-330.
     
     
    -----Original Message-----
    From: Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of Clawson, Jim
    Sent: Saturday, February 09, 2008 2:34 PM
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Re: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

    "cf." has always meant to me, "compare with"... I think it's an old stenographer's notation.   So, "cf. X&Y, 2006" would mean to me, "compare with the article written by X & Y in 2006".   My guess is that usage over time of these symbols (cf.) migrates as does most language. 

    I hope this helps and doesn't confuse.

    Regards,

       Jim

    James G. S. Clawson

    Johnson & Higgins Professor of Business Administration

    Darden GSB, University of Virginia

    Box 6550, Charlottesville, VA 22906  

    100 Darden Boulevard, Charlottesville, VA 22903  USA

    Tel:  434 924 7488           Fax:  434 243 7680

    Web:  http://faculty.darden.virginia.edu/clawsonj

     

    From: Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of SUJIT SUR
    Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 1:31 PM
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

     

    Can anyone please help in clarifying what is the proper interpretation of the citation (cf. X & Y, 2006).

    I was offered the following diametrically opposite meanings by two authoritative sources (journal editors, no less!):

    1. It implies as stated in the 2006 study by X & Y (i.e.  utilizing "cf." is similar to stating "cited from").

    2. It implies as opposed to the 2006 findings by X & Y (i.e. utilizing "cf." is similar to stating"contradictory finding").

    The MLS & APA handbooks did not clarify (at least I was unable to find a clear explanation). And apparently the usage of the cf. citation 'signal' is equally 'murky' in legal studies (Robbins, 1999).

    Is there any resource (online or otherwise) where I can get the definitive explanation and instructions on the proper usage of cf. for citation purposes in social sciences?

    Thanking you in anticipation...

    Sujit Sur
    Doctoral Candidate
    Dept. of Management
    John Molson School of Business
    Concordia University
    1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W.
    Montreal, Quebec  H3G 1M8
    Canada

    Reference

    Robbins, I.P., 1999. Semiotics, Analogical Legal Reasoning, and the Cf. Citation: Getting Our Signals Uncrossed. Duke Law Journal, Vol. 48 (5), p. 1043-1080.



  • 6.  Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

    Posted 02-09-2008 19:56
    "cf." is an abbreviation for the Latin word "confer" which translates to "compare" in English. It should not be used merely to direct the reader to the reference, but rather to invite camparison between what has been discussed, and some other material identified in this case by X & Y (2006).   It is definitely not "cited from".  There is a  fairly forceful statement to this effect at http://www.informatics.sussex.ac.uk/department/docs/punctuation/node28.html
     
    --
    Brian M Harmer, MBA, PhD
    School of Information Management
    Victoria University of Wellington, NZ
    ph +64-4-463 5887


    From: Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of SUJIT SUR
    Sent: Saturday, 9 February 2008 7:31 a.m.
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

    Can anyone please help in clarifying what is the proper interpretation of the citation (cf. X & Y, 2006).

    I was offered the following diametrically opposite meanings by two authoritative sources (journal editors, no less!):

    1. It implies as stated in the 2006 study by X & Y (i.e.  utilizing "cf." is similar to stating "cited from").

    2. It implies as opposed to the 2006 findings by X & Y (i.e. utilizing "cf." is similar to stating"contradictory finding").

    The MLS & APA handbooks did not clarify (at least I was unable to find a clear explanation). And apparently the usage of the cf. citation 'signal' is equally 'murky' in legal studies (Robbins, 1999).

    Is there any resource (online or otherwise) where I can get the definitive explanation and instructions on the proper usage of cf. for citation purposes in social sciences?

    Thanking you in anticipation...

    Sujit Sur
    Doctoral Candidate
    Dept. of Management
    John Molson School of Business
    Concordia University
    1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W.
    Montreal, Quebec  H3G 1M8
    Canada

    Reference
    Robbins, I.P., 1999. Semiotics, Analogical Legal Reasoning, and the Cf. Citation: Getting Our Signals Uncrossed. Duke Law Journal, Vol. 48 (5), p. 1043-1080.


  • 7.  Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

    Posted 02-09-2008 20:23

    cf = compare (confer)  ... I get the same answer to the question that Professor Clawson reports. 

    My reference is:

    Lunsford, A and Robert Connors, The St. Martin's Handbook, St Martin's Press, New York, 1989. p 636.

    Best regards from the land down under

    Henry Collier, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW AUSTRALIA

     

    From: Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of Clawson, Jim
    Sent: Sunday, February 10, 2008 9:34 AM
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Re: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

     

    "cf." has always meant to me, "compare with"... I think it's an old stenographer's notation.   So, "cf. X&Y, 2006" would mean to me, "compare with the article written by X & Y in 2006".   My guess is that usage over time of these symbols (cf.) migrates as does most language. 

    I hope this helps and doesn't confuse.

    Regards,

       Jim

    James G. S. Clawson

    Johnson & Higgins Professor of Business Administration

    Darden GSB, University of Virginia

    Box 6550, Charlottesville, VA 22906  

    100 Darden Boulevard, Charlottesville, VA 22903  USA

    Tel:  434 924 7488           Fax:  434 243 7680

    Web:  http://faculty.darden.virginia.edu/clawsonj

     

    From: Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of SUJIT SUR
    Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 1:31 PM
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

     

    Can anyone please help in clarifying what is the proper interpretation of the citation (cf. X & Y, 2006).

    I was offered the following diametrically opposite meanings by two authoritative sources (journal editors, no less!):

    1. It implies as stated in the 2006 study by X & Y (i.e.  utilizing "cf." is similar to stating "cited from").

    2. It implies as opposed to the 2006 findings by X & Y (i.e. utilizing "cf." is similar to stating"contradictory finding").

    The MLS & APA handbooks did not clarify (at least I was unable to find a clear explanation). And apparently the usage of the cf. citation 'signal' is equally 'murky' in legal studies (Robbins, 1999).

    Is there any resource (online or otherwise) where I can get the definitive explanation and instructions on the proper usage of cf. for citation purposes in social sciences?

    Thanking you in anticipation...

    Sujit Sur
    Doctoral Candidate
    Dept. of Management
    John Molson School of Business
    Concordia University
    1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W.
    Montreal, Quebec  H3G 1M8
    Canada

    Reference

    Robbins, I.P., 1999. Semiotics, Analogical Legal Reasoning, and the Cf. Citation: Getting Our Signals Uncrossed. Duke Law Journal, Vol. 48 (5), p. 1043-1080.

     

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  • 8.  Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

    Posted 02-09-2008 20:52

    Definition

    cf., cf   Show phonetics
    <st1:personname w:st="on">F</st1:personname>ORMAL
    used in writing when you want the reader to make a comparison between the subject being discussed and something else

    (from Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary)

     

    <st1:personname w:st="on">F</st1:personname>rom: Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Clawson</st1:place></st1:city>, Jim
    Sent: Saturday, <st1:personname w:st="on">F</st1:personname>ebruary 09, 2008 5:34 PM
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Re: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

     

    "cf." has always meant to me, "compare with"... I think it's an old stenographer's notation.   So, "cf. X&Y, 2006" would mean to me, "compare with the article written by X & Y in 2006".   My guess is that usage over time of these symbols (cf.) migrates as does most language. 

    I hope this helps and doesn't confuse.

    Regards,

       Jim

    James G. S. Clawson

    Johnson & Higgins Professor of Business Administration

    Darden GSB, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Virginia</st1:placename></st1:place>

    <st1:address w:st="on"><st1:street w:st="on">Box 6550</st1:street>, <st1:city w:st="on">Charlottesville</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">VA</st1:state> <st1:postalcode w:st="on">22906</st1:postalcode></st1:address>  

    <st1:address w:st="on"><st1:street w:st="on">100 Darden Boulevard</st1:street>, <st1:city w:st="on">Charlottesville</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">VA</st1:state> <st1:postalcode w:st="on">22903</st1:postalcode>  <st1:country-region w:st="on">USA</st1:country-region></st1:address>

    Tel:  434 924 7488           <st1:personname w:st="on">F</st1:personname>ax:  434 243 7680

    Web:  http://faculty.darden.virginia.edu/clawsonj

     

    <st1:personname w:st="on">F</st1:personname>rom: Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of SUJIT SUR
    Sent: <st1:personname w:st="on">F</st1:personname>riday, <st1:personname w:st="on">F</st1:personname>ebruary 08, 2008 1:31 PM
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

     

    Can anyone please help in clarifying what is the proper interpretation of the citation (cf. X & Y, 2006).

    I was offered the following diametrically opposite meanings by two authoritative sources (journal editors, no less!):

    1. It implies as stated in the 2006 study by X & Y (i.e.  utilizing "cf." is similar to stating "cited from").

    2. It implies as opposed to the 2006 findings by X & Y (i.e. utilizing "cf." is similar to stating"contradictory finding").

    The MLS & APA handbooks did not clarify (at least I was unable to find a clear explanation). And apparently the usage of the cf. citation 'signal' is equally 'murky' in legal studies (Robbins, 1999).

    Is there any resource (online or otherwise) where I can get the definitive explanation and instructions on the proper usage of cf. for citation purposes in social sciences?

    Thanking you in anticipation...

    Sujit Sur
    Doctoral Candidate
    Dept. of Management
    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">John</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Molson</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">School</st1:placetype></st1:place> of Business
    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Concordia</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place>
    1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W.
    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Montreal</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Quebec</st1:state>  <st1:postalcode w:st="on">H3G 1M8</st1:postalcode></st1:place>
    <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>

    Reference

    Robbins, I.P., 1999. Semiotics, Analogical Legal Reasoning, and the Cf. Citation: Getting Our Signals Uncrossed. Duke Law Journal, Vol. 48 (5), p. 1043-1080.



  • 9.  Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

    Posted 02-10-2008 05:41

    L.s.,

    To be precise: 'cf' is an abbreviation of 'conform', so "cf. X&Y, 2006" means "in conformity with X&y, 2006".

    Best regards,

    Joop Remmé

    www.knowdialogue.nl

    www.msm.nl

    skype: jhmremme

    +31 (0)71 5212017

    +31 (0)654761087

    From: Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Clawson</st1:place></st1:city>, Jim
    Sent: Saturday, February 09, 2008 11:34 PM
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Re: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

     

    "cf." has always meant to me, "compare with"... I think it's an old stenographer's notation.   So, "cf. X&Y, 2006" would mean to me, "compare with the article written by X & Y in 2006".   My guess is that usage over time of these symbols (cf.) migrates as does most language. 

    I hope this helps and doesn't confuse.

    Regards,

       Jim

    James G. S. Clawson

    Johnson & Higgins Professor of Business Administration

    Darden GSB, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Virginia</st1:placename></st1:place>

    <st1:address w:st="on"><st1:street w:st="on">Box 6550</st1:street>, <st1:city w:st="on">Charlottesville</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">VA</st1:state> <st1:postalcode w:st="on">22906</st1:postalcode></st1:address>  

    <st1:address w:st="on"><st1:street w:st="on">100 Darden Boulevard</st1:street>, <st1:city w:st="on">Charlottesville</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">VA</st1:state> <st1:postalcode w:st="on">22903</st1:postalcode>  <st1:country-region w:st="on">USA</st1:country-region></st1:address>

    Tel:  434 924 7488           Fax:  434 243 7680

    Web:  http://faculty.darden.virginia.edu/clawsonj

     

    From: Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of SUJIT SUR
    Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 1:31 PM
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

     

    Can anyone please help in clarifying what is the proper interpretation of the citation (cf. X & Y, 2006).

    I was offered the following diametrically opposite meanings by two authoritative sources (journal editors, no less!):

    1. It implies as stated in the 2006 study by X & Y (i.e.  utilizing "cf." is similar to stating "cited from").

    2. It implies as opposed to the 2006 findings by X & Y (i.e. utilizing "cf." is similar to stating"contradictory finding").

    The MLS & APA handbooks did not clarify (at least I was unable to find a clear explanation). And apparently the usage of the cf. citation 'signal' is equally 'murky' in legal studies (Robbins, 1999).

    Is there any resource (online or otherwise) where I can get the definitive explanation and instructions on the proper usage of cf. for citation purposes in social sciences?

    Thanking you in anticipation...

    Sujit Sur
    Doctoral Candidate
    Dept. of Management
    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">John</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Molson</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">School</st1:placetype></st1:place> of Business
    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Concordia</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></st1:place>
    1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W.
    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Montreal</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">Quebec</st1:state>  <st1:postalcode w:st="on">H3G 1M8</st1:postalcode></st1:place>
    <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Canada</st1:place></st1:country-region>

    Reference

    Robbins, I.P., 1999. Semiotics, Analogical Legal Reasoning, and the Cf. Citation: Getting Our Signals Uncrossed. Duke Law Journal, Vol. 48 (5), p. 1043-1080.



  • 10.  Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

    Posted 02-10-2008 06:31
    My Oxford English Guide to the Language says that cf. means compare and comes form the latin confer.

    When I look up confero in my Latin dictionary, I begin to see how the confusion and multiplicity of usage may have emerged as confero has many meanings. These include:

    *
    to bring or put together, collect or concentrate
    *
    to contribute (when talking about money)
    *
    to bring into contact or collision (when used in a military context)
    *
    to fight foot to foot (pedem confero)
    *
    to engage (signa conferre)
    *
    to interchange, discuss (when used in connection with speech and ideas)
    *
    to compare (when used in relation to diverse things)
    *
    to bring to a particular place, sphere, task
    *
    to devote oneself
    *
    to put off or postpone
    *
    to impute, attribute (when talking about responsibility)

    I seems safe to conclude that in our relativistic world, it can mean whatever you want it to. But in my world, it means 'to compare' (with connotations of antagonism in the comparison; i.e. a comparison that highlights a difference of approach or takes a different stance).

    Jon



    Dr. Jon Billsberry
    Senior Lecturer in Organisational Behaviour, Open University Business School
    Research Director, Human Resources Division, The Open University

    Chair, B824 Managing Human Resources
    Co-Editor, Organization Management Journal
    Chair, Organisational Psychology track, British Academy of Management
    Secretary, Management Education and Development division, Academy of Management

    Open University Business School
    The Open University
    Walton Hall
    Milton Keynes MK7 6AA
    UNITED KINGDOM

    E: j.billsberry@open.ac.uk
    W: www.jonbillsberry.co.uk
    DL: +44 (0) 1908 652906
    S: +44 (0) 1908 655888
    M: +44 (0) 7920024832




    ________________________________

    From: Management Education and Development Discussion on behalf of Joop Remme
    Sent: Sun 10/02/2008 10:41
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Re: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)



    L.s.,

    To be precise: 'cf' is an abbreviation of 'conform', so "cf. X&Y, 2006" means "in conformity with X&y, 2006".

    Best regards,

    Joop Remmé

    www.knowdialogue.nl <http://www.knowdialogue.nl/>

    www.msm.nl <http://www.msm.nl/>

    skype: jhmremme

    +31 (0)71 5212017

    +31 (0)654761087

    ________________________________

    From: Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of Clawson, Jim
    Sent: Saturday, February 09, 2008 11:34 PM
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Re: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)



    "cf." has always meant to me, "compare with"... I think it's an old stenographer's notation. So, "cf. X&Y, 2006" would mean to me, "compare with the article written by X & Y in 2006". My guess is that usage over time of these symbols (cf.) migrates as does most language.

    I hope this helps and doesn't confuse.

    Regards,

    Jim

    James G. S. Clawson

    Johnson & Higgins Professor of Business Administration

    Darden GSB, University of Virginia

    Box 6550, Charlottesville, VA 22906

    100 Darden Boulevard, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA

    Tel: 434 924 7488 Fax: 434 243 7680

    Web: http://faculty.darden.virginia.edu/clawsonj



    From: Management Education and Development Discussion [mailto:MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of SUJIT SUR
    Sent: Friday, February 08, 2008 1:31 PM
    To: MG-ED-DV@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)



    Can anyone please help in clarifying what is the proper interpretation of the citation (cf. X & Y, 2006).

    I was offered the following diametrically opposite meanings by two authoritative sources (journal editors, no less!):

    1. It implies as stated in the 2006 study by X & Y (i.e. utilizing "cf." is similar to stating "cited from").

    2. It implies as opposed to the 2006 findings by X & Y (i.e. utilizing "cf." is similar to stating"contradictory finding").

    The MLS & APA handbooks did not clarify (at least I was unable to find a clear explanation). And apparently the usage of the cf. citation 'signal' is equally 'murky' in legal studies (Robbins, 1999).

    Is there any resource (online or otherwise) where I can get the definitive explanation and instructions on the proper usage of cf. for citation purposes in social sciences?

    Thanking you in anticipation...

    Sujit Sur
    Doctoral Candidate
    Dept. of Management
    John Molson School of Business
    Concordia University
    1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W.
    Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8
    Canada

    Reference

    Robbins, I.P., 1999. Semiotics, Analogical Legal Reasoning, and the Cf. Citation: Getting Our Signals Uncrossed. Duke Law Journal, Vol. 48 (5), p. 1043-1080.


  • 11.  Exact meaning of citing (cf. X & Y, 2006)

    Posted 02-18-2008 10:26

    I had always thought that it had the second meaning. Cf is a derivative of the Latin 'confer' meaning 'compare'.  You would therefore use 'cf' to mean, 'but compare or contrast the findings of the previously cited authority, statement, or conclusion with this one: Y, 2006.'  I believe that is the meaning given to it by the Harvard Blue Book (a Unified System of Legal Citations).

    Best wishes,

    Derrick McKoy

    -------------------------------------------------

    SUJIT SUR wrote:
    fc.004c51f90459cba53b9aca0063f995ed.45a502c@jmsb.concordia.ca" type="cite"> Can anyone please help in clarifying what is the proper interpretation of the citation (cf. X & Y, 2006).

    I was offered the following diametrically opposite meanings by two authoritative sources (journal editors, no less!):

    1. It implies as stated in the 2006 study by X & Y (i.e.  utilizing "cf." is similar to stating "cited from").

    2. It implies as opposed to the 2006 findings by X & Y (i.e. utilizing "cf." is similar to stating"contradictory finding").

    The MLS & APA handbooks did not clarify (at least I was unable to find a clear explanation). And apparently the usage of the cf. citation 'signal' is equally 'murky' in legal studies (Robbins, 1999).

    Is there any resource (online or otherwise) where I can get the definitive explanation and instructions on the proper usage of cf. for citation purposes in social sciences?

    Thanking you in anticipation...

    Sujit Sur
    Doctoral Candidate
    Dept. of Management
    John Molson School of Business
    Concordia University
    1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. W.
    Montreal, Quebec  H3G 1M8
    Canada

    Reference
    Robbins, I.P., 1999. Semiotics, Analogical Legal Reasoning, and the Cf. Citation: Getting Our Signals Uncrossed. Duke Law Journal, Vol. 48 (5), p. 1043-1080.